journal F cijkl = Formula dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Next, i level ining the way the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change with for every single wife or husband’s knowledge (Gullickson and you will Torche, 2014), and now we after that see adaptation inside the sector replace between them places.
record F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? p = 1 dos ? p u pij + ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Efficiency
Descriptive contributes to Table 1 inform you hukou area pairings of partners by the area. Into the Shanghai, throughout the 47% out of small-census have been developed ranging from one or two migrants; from inside the Shenzhen, one to commission are over 70%. About 38% out of marriages on it a couple of local partners inside the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% away from marriages had a few regional partners when you look at the Shenzhen. Clearly, individuals had a tendency to marry within their hukou condition category in both places. In both metropolitan areas, marriage ceremonies ranging from a community husband and you may good migrant partner was basically much probably be than marriage ceremonies between an excellent migrant spouse and you can a district wife to occur (13% vs. 3% inside Shanghai and you can 11% versus. 4% during the Shenzhen). The brand new portion of hukou locality homogamy is comparable throughout the one or two metropolises. Yet, you want to interpret the outcomes that have warning, because the express out of migrants is different during these two urban centers. The fresh relative measurements of migrants and you will locals creates structural relationship potential for those to seek potential spouses and in the end ). Log-linear analysis lets us look at the degree of hukou homogamy, online of compositional outcomes, of the controlling for limited withdrawals of hukou reputation.
Table step one.
We basic establish the withdrawals from training attainment getting migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant spouses, and you will regional spouses within the each town, correspondingly, into the Figure step one . An average of, migrants are quicker educated than simply natives, no matter what gender, both in Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. One of migrants, guys are top educated than just women in one another Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Alternatively, certainly one of natives, the brand new gender pit during the education try sometimes short if not corrected: regional guys an average of are only quite ideal experienced than just its feminine competitors for the Shenzhen, and you may regional feminine an average of be more experienced than the male counterparts during the Shanghai. Log-linear designs manage for the studies inequalities Slovenian morsiamet verkossa anywhere between visitors and ranging from locals and you will migrants to capture the brand new associations ranging from spouses’ degree and you may between informative and you will hukou locality assortative mating, websites of your own limited withdrawals off spouses’ faculties.