Possibly, a greater decades or studies improvement you will weaken the wife’s condition on marital household
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk cuatro Connection anywhere between dowry/bride rate (reduced by for the-laws regarding siblings, other people in the town and you can society) and wife’s condition in the relationship family (OLS)
cuatro.3 Talk and robustness checks
For the deciding the fresh new ladies reputation in the relationship family, the result of one’s web dowry (dowry without bride-to-be rate) get count. New quote procedure try constant of the replacement dowry and you can fiance rates that have internet dowry (Appendix Table 9, Panel A good). Observe that the level of deferred mehr is included separately out of the net dowry since the previous is not reduced unless splitting up takes place and should not meet the requirements assets introduced to your matrimony. The results suggest that the fresh new property lead to the ount) promote their unique decision-making strength and you can independence. These types of positive associations commonly shocking as the the connections of fiance speed reduced during the time of matrimony manage restrict so you’re able to that from dowry however estimations.
Also ages variation together with education distinction (substitution the latest partner’s ages and you can degree) does not change the main effects, therefore the coefficients of those variables are not high (Appendix Desk 9, Panel B).
That you are going to believe what number of ages due to the fact marriage is actually important because the effect out of dowry (or bride-to-be rate) could well be higher soon after wedding. And decades since the ount out-of dowry (replacing woman’s years on matrimony) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry when you look at the ladies’ self-reliance however, decrease their magnitude and advantages height from inside the women’s decision making (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee C). What this means is you to a more impressive dowry escalates the wife’s independency inside the the fresh relationship family immediately following matrimony; not, new connection isn’t significantly impacted by the newest passage of many years once the relationship.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed in the main estimation due to endogeneity issues. That might believe addition of such tips may undermine this new connection anywhere between dowry and you may ladies’ position on relationship home. Although we don’t reject the possibility that needs and you will ideological philosophy concerning the gender interactions commonly inherent and change along side relationship lifestyle, new quote procedure is constant from the together with a couple procedures to possess son preference: the initial variable equals that when the wife’s better level of sons is more than compared to daughters together with next translates to one to if the spouse desires offer degree so you’re able to sons in lieu of so you’re able to daughters. Controlling having gender ideology does not substantially impact the fundamental estimate efficiency (Appendix Table 9, Panel D). Surprisingly, ladies’ decision-making try surely regarding the young man taste. However, it’s negatively on the liking to have delivering advanced schooling so you can sons Hviderusland kvinder than daughters. A possible interpretation is that very experienced women tends to be against gender inequality during the knowledge and get far more empowered in the relationship household but favor with significantly more sons than simply daughters. This appears consistent with certain present studies proving one child liking is more prevalent among extremely educated female instead of ignorant feminine during the Southern China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).